采煤方法图
摘要
本设计分三部分：
一般部分针对义马常村矿的地质条件进行了井型为2.4Mt/a的新井设计。常村矿井位于河南省义马市境内，井田走向长约5.0km，倾向长约3.5km，面积约14km2。主采煤层为2-1、2-3煤层，平均倾角10°，2-1平均厚度3.05m， 2-3平均厚度10.63m，合并区平均厚12.48m。矿井正常涌水量为145m3/h，最大涌水量为375m3/h；矿井相对瓦斯涌出量为1.31m3/t，属低瓦斯矿井。
井田工业储量为246.1Mt，可采储量175.5Mt，设计年产量为2.4Mt/a，矿井服务年限为56.24a。
根据井田地质条件，设计采用立井两水平（暗斜井延深）开拓方式，一水平布置在+100m，二水平布置在-100m。井田采用带区式跟采区式布置方式，共划分为4个带区，1个采区，轨道大巷、胶带机大巷和回风大巷皆为岩石大巷，布置在2-3煤层底板岩层中。考虑到本矿井为低瓦斯矿井，且矿井面积较小，矿井通风方式采用中央并列式通风。
大巷采用胶带输送机运煤，辅助运输采用直流架线式电机车牵引固定箱式矿车。主井采用两套两对12t箕斗提煤，副井采用一对带双层四车（1.5t）罐笼，一个平衡锤的双层两车（5t）运料和升降人员。
针对东一带区采用了带区准备方式，共划分12个分带工作面，并进行了运煤、通风、运料、排矸、供电系统设计。
针对21105工作面进行了采煤工艺设计。该工作面煤层平均厚度为12.48m，平均倾角10°，直接顶为灰黑色泥岩，伪顶为薄层状细砂岩。工作面采用长壁综合机械化放顶煤采煤法。采用双滚筒采煤机割煤，往返一次割两刀。采用“三八制”工作制度，截深0.8m，每天4个循环，循环进尺3.2m，月推进度96m。
专题部分题目为《常村煤矿矿震时空分布规律分析》，以常村矿2115掘进工作面与2120综采工作面为背景，进行了采掘过程中矿震规律的研究，通过观测数据收集与处理，得出了该矿矿震在时间与空间的分布规律。这为矿井采掘工作面的安全生产提供了技术支撑。
翻译部分题目为《A preliminary study of coal mining drainage and environmental health in the SantaCatarina region, Brazil》，主要介绍了巴西圣卡塔琳娜地区煤炭开采矿井排水对水中主要和微量元素的影响以及对当地环境健康的影响。
关键词：常村矿井；立井两水平；带区布置；综合机械化放顶煤；中央并列式；矿震分析；环境影响
ABSTRACT
This graduation design is divided into three parts.
The general design is about a 2.40 Mt/a new underground mine design of Changcun coal mine. Changcun coal mine is located in Yima, Henan province. It’s about 5.0 km on the strike and 3.5 km on the dip, with the 14.0 km2 total horizontal area. The minable coal seam is 2-1 with an average thickness of 3.05 m, 2-3 average thickness of 10.63m,and the Annexation Area average thickness of 12.48m with an average dip of 10°. The normal mine inflow is 145 m3/h and the maximum mine inflow is 375 m3/h. The mine gas emission rate is 1.31 m3/t which can be recognized as low gas mine.
The proved reserves of this coal mine are 246.1 Mt and the minable reserves are 175.5 Mt, with a mine life of 56.24 a.
Based on the geological condition of the mine, The design uses a two level vertical shaft (dark deep inclined shaft extension) to open up the way to a horizontal layout to +100 m, the second level is arranged in the-100m., and full Coalfield preparation ,which divided into four bands, a mining area, and track roadway, belt conveyor roadway and return airway are all rock roadways, arranged in the floor rock of 2-3 coal seam. Taking into account of the low gas emission, and mine smaller, mine ventilation mode with a central parallel ventilation.
Main roadway makes use of belt conveyor to transport coal resource, and DC wiring motor vehicles to be assistant transport. The main shaft uses double 12 t skips to lift coal with a balance hammer and the auxiliary shaft uses a twins narrow1.5 t four-car double-deck cage and a wide 1.5t four-car double-deck cage to lift material and personnel transportation.
The design applies strip preparation against the first band of East One which divided into 12 stirps totally, and conducted coal conveyance, ventilation, gangue conveyance and electricity designing.
The design conducted coal mining technology design against the 21105 face. The coal seam average thickness of this working face is 12.48 m and the average dip is 10°, the immediate roof is mud stone and the main roof is sand stone. The working face applies fully mechanized longwall Integrated mechanized top coal caving method, and uses double drum shearer cutting coal which cuts twice each working cycle. "Three-Eight" working system has been used in this design and the depth-web is 0.8 m with four working cycles per day, and the advance of a working cycle is 3.2 m and the advance is 96 m per month.
The monographic study entitled "Case Study and Research of Changcun coal mine earthquake in spatial and temporal distribution ", this study took 2115 Heading Face with 2120 mechanized mining faceof Changcun coal mineas as background, conducted the Mine earthquakein time and space, which had provided technical support for the safe production of mines mining face.
The title of the translated academic paper is " A preliminary study of coal mining drainage and environmental health in the SantaCatarina region, Brazil ". Introduces the SantaCatarina region of Brazil coal mining in the mine drainage water main and trace elements, as well as the impact on the local environmental health.
Keywords:Changcun coal mine; double vertical shaft; band mode; Integrated mechanized top coal caving; central parallel ventilation; Analysis of mine earthquake; Environmental impact.
目录
一般部分
1矿井概况与地质特征1
1.1井田概况1
1.1.1位置与交通1
1.1.2地形地貌及水系1
1.1.3气候与气象2
1.1.4地震烈度2
1.1.5水源及电源2
1.2井田地质特征2
1.2.1地层2
1.2.2构造4
1.2.3水文地质条件5
1.3煤层特征7
1.3.1煤层特征7
1.3.2煤质8
1.3.3煤层开采技术条件10
2井田境界与储量13
2.1井田境界13
2.1.1井田境界划分的原则13
2.1.2井田境界13
2.2矿井工业储量13
2.2.1资源/储量估算范围13
2.2.2矿井工业储量的计算及储量等级的圈定13
2.2.3矿井可采储量15
2.2.4工业广场煤柱15
3矿井工作制度、设计生产能力及服务年限17
3.1矿井工作制度17
3.2矿井设计生产能力及服务年限17
4井田开拓19
4.1井田开拓的基本问题19
4.1.1井筒形式、数目的确定19
4.1.1井筒位置的选择20
4.1.3风井位置的选择21
4.1.4工业广场的位置、形状和面积的确定及确定采（带）区划分21
4.1.5开采水平的确定22
4.1.6主要开拓巷道23
4.1.7确定矿井开拓延深放案23
4.1.8确定采区、带区、煤层间的接替顺序23
4.1.9开拓方案比较23
4.2矿井基本巷道32
4.2.1井筒32
4.2.2井底车场35
4.2.3主要开拓巷道37
4.2.4巷道支护38
5准备方式—采区巷道布置41
5.1煤层地质特征41
5.1.1带区位置41
5.1.2带区煤层特征41
5.1.3煤层顶底板岩石构造情况41
5.1.4水文地质41
5.1.5地质构造42
5.1.6地表情况42
5.2采区、带区巷道布置及生产系统42
5.2.1采煤方法及工作面长度的确定42
5.2.2带区巷道布置42
5.2.3带区生产系统43
5.2.4确定带区各种巷道的尺寸、支护方式及通风、运输方式43
5.2.5带区生产能力及采出率45
5.3带区车场选型计算46
5.3.1带区车场的形式46
5.3.2带区车场的调车方式46
5.3.3带区主要硐室布置46
6采煤方法48
6.1采煤工艺方式48
6.1.1带区煤层特征及地质条件48
6.1.2确定采煤工艺方式48
6.1.3回采工作面参数49
6.1.4回采工作面破煤、装煤方式49
6.1.5回采工作面支护方式54
6.1.6端头支护及超前支护方式58
6.1.7各工艺过程注意事项59
6.1.8采煤工作面正规循环作业62
6.2回采巷道布置64
6.2.1回采巷道布置方式64
6.2.2回采巷道参数65
7井下运输71
7.1概述71
7.1.1井下运输设计的原始条件和数据71
7.1.2运输距离和货载量71
7.1.3矿井运输系统71
7.2带区运输设备选择72
7.2.1设备选型原则72
7.2.2带区设备的选型72
7.2.3带区运输能力验算75
7.3大巷运输设备选择77
7.3.1轨道大巷运输设备的选择77
7.3.2运输大巷运输设备的选择79
8矿井提升81
8.1概述81
8.2主井提升81
8.2.1箕斗81
8.2.2提升机83
8.2.3钢丝绳技术特征83
8.3副井提升83
9矿井通风及安全85
9.1矿井通风系统的选择85
9.1.1矿井概况85
9.1.2开拓方式85
9.1.3开采方法85
9.1.4变电所、充电硐室、火药库85
9.1.5工作制、人数85
9.1.6矿井通风系统的基本要求85
9.1.7矿井通风系统的确定86
9.1.8主要通风机的工作方式的确定87
9.1.9带区通风系统的确定88
9.1.10工作面通风方式88
9.1.11矿井第一开采水平通风容易与通风困难时期89
9.2矿井风量计算94
9.2.1采煤工作面所需风量计算94
9.2.2备用工作面风量的计算95
9.2.3掘进工作面所需风95
9.2.4硐室需风量计算96
9.2.5其他用风巷道的需要风量计算97
9.2.6矿井总风量计算97
9.2.7确定带区及全矿的风量分配并确定矿井所需总风量98
9.2.8通风构筑物99
9.3矿井通风阻力计算100
9.3.1计算原则100
9.3.2矿井最大阻力路线100
9.3.3矿井通风阻力计算100
9.3.4矿井总风阻等积孔计算104
9.4选择矿井通风设备105
9.4.1选择主要通风机的基本原则105
9.4.2通风机风压的确定105
9.4.3主要通风机工况点106
9.4.4主要通风机的选择及风机性能曲线107
9.4.5电动机选型109
9.5矿井主要通风设备要求109
9.5.1通风附属装置及其安全技术110
9.6安全灾害的预防措施111
9.6.1预防瓦斯和煤尘爆炸的措施111
9.6.2预防井下火灾的措施111
9.6.3防水措施111
9.6.4防冲击地压111
10矿井基本技术经济指标113
参考文献114
专题部分
常村煤矿矿震时空分布规律分析研究122
1常村煤矿地质及开采概况122
2微震监测系统综述126
2.1微震监测系统的优点126
2.2SOS微震监测系统概况126
2.2.1设备组成及用途126
2.2.2工作原理127
2.2.3产品的功能127
2.2.4产品的技术参数128
2.2.5微震监测系统的布置128
3全矿微震时空分布规律分析131
3.1矿震时间序列分布131
3.2矿震事件的空间分布132
3.3工作面回采影响范围的平面微震演化规律134
4 2120与2115工作面回采影响范围的平面微震演化规律136
4.1 2120与2115工作面矿震时间序列分布140
4.2 2120与2115工作面矿震空间演化规律141
5.结论144
参考文献145
翻译部分
A preliminary study of coal mining drainage and environmental health in the SantaCatarina region, Brazil 147
Introduction 147
Coal zones of Santa Catarina State 148
Methods and analytical procedures 149
Water 149
Water quality 150
Environmental health and dynamics of surfaces waters 150
Conclusions 151
Acknowledgments 151
References 152
巴西圣卡塔琳娜地区煤炭开采污水排放和环境健康的初步研究153
正文153
圣卡塔琳娜地区煤田分布154
方法和分析步骤154
水资源154
水质155
环境健康和地表水的运动155
结论156
致谢156
参考文献157
致谢158
带区巷道布置剖面图
设计所包含文件
字数统计
矿井工作制度、设计生产能力及服务年限
常村矿井开拓剖面图
带区巷道布置平面图
常村矿井开拓平面图
