采煤方法
设计题目：张小楼矿1.5 Mt/a新井设计
设计专题题目：张小楼矿微震规律与冲击矿压关系研究
摘要
本设计包括三个部分：一般部分、专题部分和翻译部分。
一般部分针对张小楼矿井进行了井型为1.5Mt/a的新井设计。张小楼矿位于徐州市西北铜山县柳新镇和刘集镇境内。整个井田东西长约4.80km、南北宽约3.53km，井田面积16.54km2。开采深度为-280m～-1250m。主采煤层为7煤和9煤，7煤煤厚6m，9煤煤厚3m，两煤层相距10m左右，为近距离煤层，煤层倾角变化较大，浅部平均20°，深部平均5°。矿井正常涌水量为76m3/h，最大涌水量为160m3/h；矿井相对瓦斯涌出量为3.35m3/t，属低瓦斯矿井。
井田工业储量为205.39Mt，可采储量137Mt，矿井设计井型为1.5Mt/a，矿井服务年限为65.24a。
根据井田地质条件，设计采用立井两水平开拓方式，都为上下山准备方式，一水平位于-600m，上山垂高320m，下山垂高250m，二水平位于-1150m，上山垂高300m，下山垂高100m,。井田共分为7个采区和2个带区，轨道大巷和胶带机大巷岩石大巷，布置在9煤层底板岩层中。考虑到本矿井为低瓦斯矿井，矿井通风方式采用中央并列式通风。
大巷采用胶带输送机运煤，辅助运输采用架线式电机车牵引固定箱式矿车。主井采用箕斗提煤，副井采用罐笼运料和升降人员。
针对东一采区采用了采区联合准备方式，共划分3个区段，并进行了运煤、通风、运料、排矸、供电系统设计。
针对7101工作面进行了采煤工艺设计。该工作面煤层平均厚度为6.0m，平均倾角20°，直接顶为泥岩，老顶为细砂岩。工作面采用长壁综采放顶煤采煤法。采用双滚筒采煤机割煤，往返一次割两刀。采用“四六制”工作制度，截深0.6m，每天六个循环，循环进尺3.6m，月推进度108m。
专题部分题目为《张小楼矿微震规律与冲击矿压关系研究》，以张小楼矿95206工作面为背景，进行了详实的微震观测数据收集与处理，分析得到张小楼矿微震分布规律与冲击矿压关系，为张小楼矿进行防止冲击矿压提供了有力的技术支持。
翻译部分题目为《Mine gas drainage and outburst control in Australian underground coal mines》，主要介绍了澳大利亚预防煤与瓦斯突出技术。
关键词：张小楼矿；立井两水平开拓；采区布置；综采放顶煤；中央并列式通风；微震检测；冲击矿压
ABSTRACT
This design includes three parts: the general part, special subject part and translation part.
The general design is about a 1.50 Mt/a new underground mine design of zhang xiao lou coal mine. Zhang xiao lou coal mine is located in xuzhou, Jiangsu province. It’s about 4.8 km on the strike and 3.53km on the dip, with the 16.54 km2 total horizontal area. The minable coal seam is 7# and 9# with an average thickness of 6.0 m and 3m .The Two layers of coal are 10 m apart.They are very close. The Two layers of coal has a larger change dip , shallow average of 20° , deep average of 5°. The normal mine inflow is 76 m3/h and the maximum mine inflow is 160 m3/h. The mine gas emission rate is 3.35 m3/t which can be recognized as low gaseous mine.
The proved reserves of this coal mine are 205.39 Mt and the minable reserves are 137 Mt, with a mine life of 65.24 a.
Based on the geological condition of the mine, this design uses a duel-vertical shaft two-level development method, and full strip preparation ,which divided into seven districts and two strips, The first level is located -600 m ,and rise horizon interval is 320 m , and dip horizon interval is 250 The second level is located -1150 m ,and rise horizon interval is 300 m , and dip horizon interval is 100 m. Track roadway, belt conveyor roadway are all rock roadways, arranged in the floor rock of 9# coal seam. Taking into account of the low gaseous emission, mine ventilation method use centralized parallel ventilation.
Main roadway makes use of belt conveyor to transport coal resource, and battery locomotive to be assistant transport. The main shaft uses skips to lift coal with a balance hammer and the auxiliary shaft uses cage to lift material and personnel transportation.
The design applies strip preparation against the first districts of East One which divided into 3 stirps totally, and conducted coal conveyance, ventilation, gangue conveyance and electricity designing.
The design conducted coal mining technology design against the 7101 face. The coal seam average thickness of this working face is 6.0 m and the average dip is 20°, the immediate roof is mud stone and the main roof is sand stone. The working face applies fully mechanized longwall mining with sublevel caving method, and uses double drum shearer cutting coal which cuts twice each working cycle. "Four-Six" working system has been used in this design and the depth-web is 0.6 m with six working cycles per day, and the advance of a working cycle is 3.6 m and the advance is 108 m per month.
The monographic study entitled " The relation between rockburst and the law of Microseismic in zhangxiaolou coal mine", the study took 95206 workface as an example, conducted a detailed pressure observation data collection and processing, gave the deformation and convergence law of soft rock roadway, which had significant guidance for practical mine production.
The title of the translated academic paper is " Mine gas drainage and outburst control in Australian underground coal mines ",Used in Australia.
Keywords:Zhangxiaolou coal mine; duel-vertical shaft two-level development method; district mode; sublevel caving method; centralized parallel ventilation; Microseismic prosecution techniques; rockburst
目录
普通部分
1矿区概述及井田地质特征1
1.1矿区概述1
1.1.1矿区地理位置1
1.1.2井田范围1
1.1.3矿区经济状况及矿区电力供应2
1.1.4矿区气候条件2
1.1.5矿区水文情况2
1.1.6地震3
1.2井田地质特征3
1.2.1井田的地层总述3
1.2.2井田地层3
1.2.3井田地质构造7
1.2.4区域水文地质7
1.3煤层特征9
1.3.1煤层赋存情况9
1.3.2煤层的围岩性质9
1.3.3煤的特征10
1.3.4瓦斯突出性12
1.3.5煤层及煤层的自燃12
1.3.6地温12
2井田境界和储量13
2.1井田境界13
2.2矿井地质储量13
2.2.1矿井地质资源量14
2.2.2矿井工业储量15
2.3矿井可采储量16
2.3.1井田边界保护煤柱16
2.3.2断层保护煤柱16
2.3.3采区及盘区边界保护煤柱16
2.3.4井筒保护煤柱16
2.3.5大巷保护煤柱16
2.3.6工业广场保护煤柱17
2.3.7矿井可采储量18
3矿井工作制度、设计生产能力及服务年限20
3.1矿井工作制度20
3.1.1矿井设计生产能力20
3.1.2井型校核20
4井田开拓22
4.1井田开拓的基本问题22
4.2井筒形式、位置、数目的确定22
4.2.1井筒的形式22
4.2.2井筒位置的确定23
4.2.3井筒数目24
4.3矿井采（盘）区划分24
4.4工业场地的位置24
4.5开采水平的确定24
4.6矿井开拓方案比较25
4.6.1提出方案25
4.6.2技术比较25
4.6.3详细经济比较30
4.7矿井基本巷道33
4.7.1井筒33
4.7.2开拓巷道33
4.7.3井底车场及硐室33
5准备方式——采区巷道布置42
5.1煤层地质特征42
5.1.1采区位置42
5.1.2采区煤层特征42
5.1.3煤层顶底板岩石构造情况42
5.1.4水文地质42
5.1.5地质构造42
5.1.6地表情况42
5.2采区巷道布置及生产系统42
5.2.1采区准备方式的确定42
5.2.2采区巷道布置43
5.2.3采区生产系统45
5.2.4采区内巷道掘进方法45
5.2.5采区生产能力及采出率46
5.3采区车场选型设计47
5.3.1确定采区车场形式47
5.3.2采区主要硐室布置47
6采煤方法50
6.1采煤工艺方式50
6.1.1采区煤层特征及地质条件50
6.1.2确定采煤工艺方式50
6.1.3回采工作面参数51
6.1.4综放工作面设备选型及配套51
6.1.5采煤机的工作方式53
6.1.6采煤工作面支护方式54
6.1.7端头支护及超前支护方式57
6.1.8各工艺过程注意事项58
6.1.9放顶步距、放煤方式和采放比59
6.1.10回采工作面正规循环作业及主要技术经济指标59
6.1.11综合机械化采煤过程中应注意事项65
6.2回采巷道布置66
6.2.1回采巷道的布置66
6.2.2回采巷道参数66
7井下运输68
7.1概述68
7.1.1井下运输的原始条件和数据68
7.1.2矿井运输系统68
7.2采区运输设备的选择69
7.2.1矿井运输设备选型应遵循以下原则： 69
7.2.2工作面及顺槽运输设备选型69
7.2.3上山运输设备选型70
7.3大巷运输设备选择71
7.3.1确定大巷的运输方式71
7.3.2确定大巷运输设备72
8矿井提升75
8.1概述75
8.2主副井提升75
8.2.1主井提升系统75
8.2.2副井提升设备选型76
9矿井通风及安全技术79
9.1矿井设计概况79
9.1.1矿井概况79
9.1.2开拓方式79
9.1.3开采方法80
9.1.4工作制、人数80
9.2矿井通风系统的确定80
9.2.1矿井通风系统的基本要求80
9.2.2矿井通风方式的选择81
9.2.3矿井主要通风机工作方式选择82
9.2.4采区通风系统的要求82
9.2.5工作面通风方式的选择83
9.3矿井风量计算84
9.3.1采煤工作面所需风量的计算84
9.3.2备用面需风量的计算85
9.3.3掘进工作面需风量85
9.3.4硐室需风量86
9.3.5其它巷道所需风量86
9.3.6矿井总风量86
9.3.7风量分配87
9.4矿井阻力计算88
9.4.1矿井最大阻力路线88
9.4.2矿井通风阻力计算93
9.4.3矿井通风总阻力94
9.4.4两个时期的矿井总风阻和总等积孔95
9.5选择矿井通风设备96
9.5.1选择主要通风机96
9.5.2电动机选型98
9.6安全灾害的预防措施99
9.6.1预防瓦斯和煤尘爆炸的措施99
9.6.2预防井下火灾的措施100
9.6.3防水措施100
10设计矿井基本技术经济指标101
参考文献103
专题部分
1前言105
1.1冲击矿压简介105
1.1.1冲击矿压概念105
1.1.2影响冲击矿压的主要因素及冲击矿压的显现特征105
1.1.3冲击矿压现象具有以下显现特征: 106
1.1.4国内外冲击矿压概况106
1.2微震检测系统107
2张小楼矿概况108
2.1矿井概况108
2.2冲击矿压显现109
2.3 95206工作面位置110
3微震规律综述111
3.1 95206工作面附近及下山区域微震频次统计分析111
3.2 95206工作面附近及下山区域微震时序分析112
3.3矿震空间演化规律120
4工作面及下山附近危险性分析122
4.1构造的影响122
4.1.1褶曲122
4.1.2断层123
4.2上覆煤层停采线及煤柱的影响123
5结论123
参考文献125
翻译部分
英文原文127
中文翻译135
致谢140
矿井工作制度、设计生产能力及服务年限
设计所包含文件
字数统计
采区巷道布置剖面图
开拓剖面图
采区巷道布置平面图
开拓平面图
