塔装配图A0
摘要
塔设备是一种在石油化工、炼油、医药及环境保护等工业部门应用十分广泛的重要单元操作设备。其工作原理是通过内部结构使气液两相或液液之间充分接触，实现质量传递和热量传递。精馏、吸收、解吸、萃取、洗涤、冷却及气体增湿等单元操作，塔设备都能很好的完成。
浮阀塔突出的优点是较大的生产能力和操作弹性，在较宽的气相负荷范围内，对塔板效率影响较小，浮阀塔的操作弹性相较于筛板塔有了较大的改善；浮阀塔的塔板效率较高是因为浮阀塔的气液接触状态较好，而且气体是沿水平方向被吹入液层，因此所夹带的雾沫较小；浮阀塔的塔板结构及安装都相对简单，重量比较轻，制造费用相对较低，是当今工业部门应用最广泛的塔型之一。工作原理为蒸气由塔底进入，与下降液进行逆流接触，两相接触中，下降液中的易挥发(低沸点)组分不断地向蒸气中转移，蒸气中的难挥发(高沸点)组分不断地向下降液中转移，愈接近塔顶的蒸汽，其中易挥发的组分浓度就愈高，而愈接近塔底得下降液，其中难挥发的组分就更加富集，从而达到组分分离的目的。蒸气持续上升由塔顶进入冷凝器，一部分冷凝的液体作为回流液重新由塔顶进入精馏塔中，剩下的另一部分则作为馏出液取出。而由塔底排出的液体，一部分输送进再沸器，经过热蒸发之后，产生的蒸气再次进入塔中，剩下的另一部分液体，作为釜残液取出。
本设计为DN1600浮阀塔结构及强度设计。首先，选择塔体、封头、支座及塔内件等部件所使用的材料，按设计压力查找筒体与封头的有效壁厚；其次，计算所涉及到的各种载荷，其中包括塔体的重量，平台扶梯的重量，物料的重量、保温层的重量以及充水后的重量等；最后一步计算塔体的自振周期，风载荷与风弯矩，地震载荷与地震弯矩，塔体稳定性与强度较核，塔体水压试验应力验算，裙座验算，基础环设计，基础螺栓计算，焊接结构设计，塔顶振幅及开孔补强等。若上述的各项设计计算均验算合格，则强度和稳定性计算校核符合要求。
该塔适用于沉阳地区，该地区的基本风压值为450Pa；7级抗震设防烈度，设计地震分组为第一组；基本地震加速度为0.1g；土质为Ⅱ类场地土；地面粗糙度为B类；主要介质为丙烯、丙烷、丁烷；工作压力为1.9MPa，工作温度80℃；塔体是塔设备的外壳，由等直径、等壁厚的圆筒以及作为头盖和低盖的椭圆形封头所组成。该浮阀塔为Ⅲ类压力容器，焊接接头为双面焊对接接头，100％无损检测。
该浮阀塔的塔体总高约为33.5m，塔体直径为1600mm，塔壳壁厚为12mm，塔内装有50层浮阀塔盘，每块塔盘间距为500mm，塔器的最大质量为95575kg。筒体采用Q345R材料，裙座采用Q235A材料。
关键词:浮阀塔；结构；强度;稳定性
Abstract
Tower is a petrochemical, oil refining equipment, medicine and environmental protection industries are widely used important unit operation equipment. Its working principle is through the internal structure between two phase or liquid liquid quickly full access, realize the mass transfer and heat transfer. Distillation, extraction, washing, absorption, desorption, cooling, and unit operations, such as gas humidification tower equipment can very good finish.
Float valve tower prominent advantage is that the larger production capacity and operating flexibility, in a wide range of gas phase load, less influence of plate efficiency, the operation of the float valve tower elasticity improved greatly compared with sieve plate tower; Float valve tower of plate efficiency is higher because the float valve tower of gas liquid contact state is better, and the gas is along the horizontal direction was blown into the liquid layer, therefore the entrained entrainment is small; Float valve tower plate structure and the installation is relatively simple, lighter weight, manufacturing costs are relatively low, is the industry one of the most widely used type tower. Working principle for the steam from the bottom to, countercurrent contact with falling liquid, two phase contact, the decline of volatile liquid (low boiling point) component to move to steam, the steam in the difficult volatile components (high boiling point) to transfer in the liquid drop, the more close to the top of the steam, the volatile components of the higher the concentration was, the more close to the bottom liquid drop, the enrichment of volatile components are more hard, so as to achieve the goal of component separation. Steam rising from the top of the tower into the condenser, part of the cooling liquid as a backflow from the top of the tower again into rectifying column, the rest of the others as the distillate. And liquid discharged from the bottom part of the conveyor into the reboiler, after thermal evaporation, the steam into the tower again, another part of the remaining liquid, as a kettle residual liquid.
This design for the inner diameter of 1600 mm float valve tower structure and strength design. First, select the tower body, head, bearing and tower internal parts and other components used by material, according to the design pressure for cylinder and head of effective thickness; Secondly, computing involves a variety of load, including the weight of the tower body, the weight of the platform escalators, the weight of the material, the weight of the insulation layer and water after filling weight, etc.; Natural cycle of the last step in calculation of tower body, the wind the wind load and the bending moment, seismic load and the seismic moment, tower body stability and strength is nuclear, tower body hydrostatic test stress calculation, the skirt calculation, base ring design, foundation bolts, welding structure design, the tower amplitude and opening reinforcement, etc. If the above design and calculation of the calculation of qualified, the strength and stability calculation checking meets the requirements.
The tower is used, shenyang region, the region's basic wind pressure value is 450 pa. Design earthquake magnitude 7 earthquake fortification intensity, grouped into the first group; Basic earthquake acceleration of 0.1 g; Soil for Ⅱ soil site; The ground roughness for class B; Main medium for propylene, propane, butane; Working pressure is 1.9 MPa, working temperature 80 ℃; The tower body is tower equipment shell, by such as diameter, wall thickness, such as the cylinder and the cranium and low cover of ellipsoidal head. The float valve tower as Ⅲ class pressure vessels, welding joint for double-sided welded butt joint, 100% non-destructive testing.
The float valve tower of the tower's total about 33.5 m high, the tower body diameter of 1600 mm, the tower shell wall thickness is 12 mm, the tower is equipped with 50 layer float valve tray, each tray spacing is 500 mm, the quality as the largest tower in 95575 kg. Cylinder adopts Q345R material, skirt Q235A materials.
Keywords: float valve tower; structure; strength; stability
目录
第一章引言1
第二章强度及稳定性计算2
2.1塔壳强度计算2
2.2塔器质量计算3
2.3塔器的基本自振周期计算4
2.4地震载荷及地震弯矩计算4
2.5风载荷和风弯矩计算5
2.6圆筒应力校核6
2.7裙座壳轴向应力校核7
2.8地脚螺栓8
2.9基础环厚度计算8
2.10筋板9
2.11盖板(有垫板的环形盖板) 9
2.12裙座与塔壳连接焊缝验算(对接焊缝) 10
第三章开孔补强12
3.1补强的判据12
3.2对人孔和检查孔进行补强12
3.3对再沸器入口进行补强14
3.4对釜液进再沸器入口进行补强15
3.5对塔顶蒸汽出口进行补强16
3.6对回流液入口进行补强18
3.7对进料口进行补强19
3.8对釜液出料口进行补强19
参考文献21
致谢22
卡板
受液盘
塔盘零件A1
塔盘零件图2a1
字数
弓形板
摘要
楔子
目录
矩形板
裙座A1
设计所包含文件
通道板
降液板
龙门铁
