PLC控制得气动随动铸棒线切割机设计

PLC控制得气动随动铸棒线切割机设计
学生姓名：×××班级：13810××
指导老师：×××
摘要：随着工业的快速发展，为降低工业产品的生产成本，铸造工艺已经成为一种非常重要的生产手段，而为提高铸造的生产效率，连续铸造应需而生，这种铸造工艺成本低，效率高，依然成为一种重要手段，其连续铸造的原理是将熔融状态的金属物体不断的倒入结晶器中，熔融金属在结晶器中冷却定型，而后连续不断的从结晶器出口拉出，最终完成金属的铸造成形，其所需金属壳获得任意长度。连续铸造具有一定的局限性，但并不影响其生产工艺的广泛应用，在国内外该种铸造工艺技术已经非常成熟且应用广泛，如钢的连续铸锭，铝型材的连续铸造，金属棒、管的连续铸造等。相对于普通的铸造工艺，连续铸造具有以下优点：
1、熔融金属进入结晶器后快速冷却凝结，使其金属内部结晶致密且均匀，因此，该种铸造方式机械性能相对较好。
2、在连续铸造时，基于连续铸造工艺的铸造原理，在铸造工件上不存在浇注冒口，因此在连续铸造成形后不用切粗无用的头尾，节约了生产原理，提高了生产效率。
3、连续铸造相对与普通铸造工艺，其工序简单，流程少，因此大量的节省了人力物力、降低了生产成本，减少了铸造工艺的生产面积。
4、基于连续铸造的工艺原理，完全可实现全自动化，不仅减少了人力的投入，同时也大大的提高了生产效率。
为提高连续铸造流水线的自动化水平，本文针对棒料在铸棒后需要进行切割处理，进而设计的一种铸棒线切割机，该切割机动力源由气缸提供，通过PLC控制系统，控制气路中的电磁控制阀，实现气缸的伸出和收缩效果，使气缸在伸缩的过程中带动气缸杆所连接的机械部件，从而实现棒料的截取切割，每切割完一次，切割机的切割片会回到原始位置，等待下一次切割运动。在切割时，并非将棒料整体切断，而是近切割35mm深后即可，然后由下一个工序中的压断进行压断处理，最终完成铸棒的截断。
铸棒线切割机具有生产效率高、自动化程度高、结构简单、价格优惠的特点，深手广大消费者所喜爱，尤其对于小型加工厂，以及一些棒料生产车间有位青睐。铸棒线切割机整体全部由PLC控制控制，完成自动调位、自动卡紧、自动切割的多道工序。该种切割机的设计理念融合了气压自动控制、机器人技术等先进技术。铸棒线割机工作过程是，首先由卡紧装置对棒料进行卡紧，防止切割时产生较大震动，然后通过切割装置的控制气缸作用，使切割装置的切割片与棒料接触，完成切割，最后通纵横行走装置，将棒料移动道下一个工序所需位置。本设计实现了机械、电气和气动控制相结合，提高了自动化水平，使其具有较高的稳定性、简单的设计结构、自动化程度高、维修方便、提高了生产效率，因此必然具有较大的发展前景和广阔的市场空间。

关键词铸棒线割机、PLC控制、铸造

指导老师签字：（小四号黑体加粗）

Design of pneumatic follow-up bar line cutter controlled by PLC
Student Name: ××× Class:
Supervisor: ×××
Abstract: With the rapid development of industry, in order to reduce the production cost of industrial products, casting technology has become a very important means of production, and to improve the efficiency of casting production, continuous casting should be born, the casting process of low cost, high efficiency, still become a kind of important means, is the principle of the continuous casting molten metal objects constantly poured into the mold, the molten metal in the mould cooling stereotypes, and then pulling away from continuous crystallizer export, finishing metal casting, the metal shell for arbitrary length。Continuous casting has certain limitations, but it does not affect the wide application of its production process, the casting process technology has been very mature and widely used at home and abroad, such as steel continuous casting ingot, aluminum continuous casting, metal bar, tube continuous casting. Compared with ordinary casting process, continuous casting has the following advantages:
1. After the molten metal enters the mold, it is cooled and condensed rapidly, so that the crystal inside the metal is compact and uniform. Therefore, the casting method has relatively good mechanical properties.
2. In continuous casting, based on the casting principle of continuous casting process, there is no pouring riser on the casting workpiece, so it is not necessary to cut the coarse and useless head and tail after continuous casting, which saves the production principle and improves the production efficiency.
3. Compared with ordinary casting process, continuous casting process is simple and has fewer processes. Therefore, a lot of manpower and material resources are saved, production costs are reduced and the production area of casting process is reduced.
4. Based on the process principle of continuous casting, complete automation can be realized, which not only reduces the input of manpower, but also greatly improves the production efficiency.
In order to improve the automation level of continuous casting production line, this article in view of the bar after casting rod cutting processing is required, and then design a casting rod wire cutting machine, the cutting machine power supply provided by the cylinder, through the PLC control system, control the gas path of electromagnetic valve, cylinder stretched out and shrinkage effect, make the cylinder in the process of expansion drive cylinder rod connected by mechanical parts, so as to realize the interception of bar cutting, every finished cutting, cutting machine cutting will return to original position, waiting for the next cut. When cutting, the bar material is not cut off as a whole, but cut to a depth of 35mm, and then press and break treatment is carried out in the next process to complete the truncation of the cast bar.
The casting bar line cutting machine has the characteristics of high production efficiency, high automation, simple structure and favorable price, which is favored by the vast number of consumers, especially for small processing plants, and some bar material production workshops. As a whole, the casting bar line cutting machine is controlled by PLC, which can automatically adjust position, tighten and cut. The design concept of the cutting machine integrates advanced technologies such as automatic air pressure control and robot technology. The working process of the casting bar line cutter is as follows: firstly, the bar material is clamped by the clamping device to prevent large vibration during cutting; then, through the action of the control cylinder of the cutting device, the cutting pieces of the cutting device are in contact with the bar material to complete the cutting; finally, the bar material is moved to the required position in the next process through the vertical and horizontal walking device. This design realizes the combination of mechanical, electrical and pneumatic control, improves the automation level, makes it has the higher stability, the simple design structure, the automation degree is high, the maintenance is convenient, has improved the production efficiency, therefore must have the larger development prospect and the broad market space.
Keywords: Cast bar line cutting machine, PLC control, casting

Signature of Supervisor: （小四号Arial Black加粗）

目录

1引言1
2切割装置设计3
2.1系统设计要求3
2.2方案设计3
2.3结构设计4
2.3.1砂轮片的选取4
2.3.2电机的选取4
2.3.3带传动设计4
2.3.4升降气缸的选择7
2.3.5滚动轴承的选取及校核9
2.4切割装置设计图11
3夹紧机械手设计13
3.1设计要求13
3.2设计方案13
3.3设计方案14
4纵横行走装置的设计15
4.1设计要求15
4.2方案设计15
4.3直线导轨的选择计算15
4.3.1选定条件15
4.3.2选定方式16
4.4纵横行走装置设计图17
4.5切割机整机三维图17
5 PLC概述19
5.1可编程控制器PLC的基本原理19
5.2可编程控制器的特点19
6电气控制线路的设计21
6.1电气控制线路设计的一般要求21
6.2电气控制线路的设计方法21
6.3气动原理图设计21
6.3.1气动原理图23
6.3.2控制流程图24
7结论25
参考文献26
致谢27